Know About ‘Non-Veg Milk’ & Why India Is Blocking Its Import from the US

by Ashis Sinha

India’s firm refusal to open its markets to so-called “non-veg milk” has emerged as a key flashpoint in ongoing trade negotiations with the United States. At the heart of the row is the US dairy industry’s practice of feeding cows with animal-based products — including meat, bone meal, poultry waste, and blood meal. While this is legal and common in the US, India considers milk from such cows as “non-vegetarian”, making it culturally and religiously unacceptable to millions of Indians.

What is ‘Non-Veg’ Milk?

‘Non-veg milk’ refers to dairy produced from cows fed with animal by-products. Though the milk itself may appear normal, for India’s large vegetarian population — nearly 38% — the origin of the feed is non-negotiable. Cows, in Indian culture, are not just dairy animals; they are sacred beings, expected to be raised on a strictly vegetarian diet.

Why India Is Saying No

India, the world’s largest milk producer, sees this issue not only as a matter of religious sensitivity but also as a threat to its rural economy. With over 80 million small dairy farmers dependent on the sector, the influx of cheaper US dairy could devastate livelihoods. Studies suggest opening dairy imports could lead to a ₹1.03 lakh crore loss annually and depress prices by 15%.

To prevent this, India mandates strict certification for any imported dairy, requiring proof that the animals were not fed any non-vegetarian feed. Additionally, the government maintains high tariffs on foreign dairy — up to 60% on milk powder and 40% on butter.

The US Pressure

The US, pushing for greater market access, has flagged India’s certification rules and tariffs as protectionist. Washington insists that its dairy is safe, and claims Indian restrictions amount to a non-tariff barrier. However, New Delhi has stood firm, refusing to compromise on what it calls a “cultural red line.”

Deadlock in Talks

Despite efforts to finalize a mini trade deal, the dairy issue remains unresolved. Sources suggest both sides are exploring middle-ground solutions — possibly limited imports under strict vetting — but no agreement has been reached so far.

What’s at Stake

• Religious Faith vs Global Trade: For India, food purity is not just policy, it’s belief.

• Farmer Livelihoods: Unchecked imports could damage the earnings of millions of rural families.

• Diplomatic Balance: A deal could boost ties, but not at the cost of India’s cultural core.

As talks continue, ‘non-veg milk’ remains a surprising yet significant roadblock in what was hoped to be a breakthrough trade moment between the world’s largest democracies.